Part 37 of 108 Episodes. Breast Cancer Awareness by Dr Ahmed Adam

Part 37 of 108 Episodes. Breast Cancer Awareness by Dr Ahmed Adam

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Breast Cancer Awareness Month has been celebrated in October since the eighties. It is called "Pink October" as people around the world adopt the pink colour and display a pink ribbon to raise awareness about the importance of prevention & routine screening for the early diagnosis of breast cancer

Reduce your risk of breast cancer by:
staying physically active
avoiding harmful use of alcohol
breastfeeding
quitting tobacco use
avoiding the prolonged use of hormones
avoiding excessive exposure to radiation

Symptoms of breast cancer include:
change in nipple appearance
bloody or abnormal nipple discharge
a lump in the breast
change in breast colour
pitting of the breast skin
breast or nipple pain

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors resulting from abnormal growth of breast cells. It is by far the most common cancer among women of different ages. The breast cancer awareness campaigns and research funding have enhanced the speed of breast cancer diagnosis & treatment. Therefore, survival rates have improved, and death toll has decreased; due to early breast screening & new therapies.
Facts:
Breast cancer is the top cancer among women worldwide
Breast cancer also occurs in men (rare)
Rates of breast cancer incidence are increasing globally
1.4 million new cases & 450 000 deaths from breast cancer each year
breast cancer mortality rates have decreased in developed (advanced) countries due to early screening programs & modern therapy
Breast cancer in (South Africa) and Africa affects women at an early age compared to 1st World countries, imposing socio-economic burdens
Recovery rate of early detected cases may exceed 90%


In addition to Breast Cancer, in South Africa we also have a very high rate of Cervical cancer in young women.

Risk factors for early-age cervical cancer include persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), having a weakened immune system, and sexual history such as early sexual debut (very early teen sex, promiscuity, unprotected sex) and multiple partners. Other contributing factors include smoking, long-term use of oral contraceptives, & an unhealthy lifestyle with factors like poor diet, obesity, or inactivity. 
Infection and immune system 
HPV human papillomavirus infection: The primary cause of cervical cancer is a persistent infection with certain high-risk types of HPV
Weakened immune system: A compromised immune system makes it harder to clear an HPV infection, increasing the risk of it developing into cancer. This can be due to conditions like HIV infection
Other STIs or STD’s (sexually transmitted infections; sexually transmitted diseases): Other sexually transmitted infections, like chlamydia, herpes, and HIV, are linked to an increased risk. (HIV-AIDS: Human Immune Deficiency Virus; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Sexual history
Early sexual debut: Starting sexual activity at a young age increases the risk of HPV human papillomavirus exposure.
Multiple sexual partners: Having many partners or a partner who has many partners increases the chance of acquiring HPV human papillomavirus.
Unprotected sex: Not using protection during intercourse increases the risk of HPV human Papillomavirus
exposure (including HIV, Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia, Syphilis, Herpes etc).